A Komainu (狛犬) guardian lion statue at Namba Yasaka Shrine (難波八阪神社 Namba Yasaka Jinja), in Osaka city, Japan.
From Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komainu):
Komainu (狛犬・胡麻犬), often called lion-dogs in English, are statue pairs of lion-like creatures either guarding the entrance or the inner shrine of many Japanese Shinto shrines or kept inside the inner shrine itself, where they are not visible to the public. The first type, born during the Edo period, is called sandō komainu (参道狛犬 visiting road Korean dogs), the second and much older type jinnai komainu (陣内狛犬 shrine inside komainu). They can sometimes be found also at Buddhist temples, nobility residences or even private homes
Ubiquitous as they are now at shrines, Komainu have been used outdoors only since the 14th century. In Asia the lion was popularly believed to have the power to repel evil, and for this reason it was habitually used to guard gates and doors. In Japan too it ended up being installed at the entrance of shrines and temples next to the lion-dog. Being exposed to Japan's rainy weather, the pair started being carved in stone.
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